【什么是非谓语】在英语语法中，"非谓语"是一个重要的概念，指的是不能单独作谓语的动词形式。它们通常用来充当句子中的其他成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。常见的非谓语形式包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。掌握这些结构对于理解和运用英语至关重要。
非谓语的基本分类与用法总结
| 非谓语形式 | 语法功能 | 常见用法举例 | 说明 |
| 不定式 (to do) | 主语、宾语、目的状语、表语、定语、补语 | I want to go. He asked to leave. | 表示动作的目的、意愿或将来动作 |
| 动名词 (doing) | 主语、宾语、表语、定语 | Swimming is fun. I enjoy reading. | 表示动作本身，具有名词性质 |
| 现在分词 (doing) | 状语、定语、补语 | She is working hard. The man standing there is my teacher. | 表示正在进行的动作或主动关系 |
| 过去分词 (done) | 状语、定语、补语 | The book written by him is popular. I had my hair cut. | 表示被动或完成的动作 |
非谓语的常见用法对比
| 功能 | 不定式 | 动名词 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
| 主语 | To learn English is important. | Learning English is important. | — | — |
| 宾语 | I like to study. | I like studying. | — | — |
| 目的状语 | I went to the store to buy some food. | — | — | — |
| 表语 | Her job is to teach. | His hobby is reading. | — | — |
| 定语 | A man to meet you. | A book on history. | The girl playing piano. | The book written by her. |
| 补语 | I saw him go. | I saw him leaving. | I found the door opened. | — |
小结
非谓语动词是英语中非常灵活的语法结构，能够帮助我们更简洁地表达意思，同时增强句子的逻辑性和连贯性。掌握它们的用法，有助于提高写作和口语表达的准确性与地道性。在实际应用中，需根据上下文判断使用哪种形式，并注意其与主句时态、语态之间的关系。
